Architecture, much more than an art or a science, is the concrete realization of a dream, transforming empty spaces into places to live, work and be creative. However, behind the facade of every building lies a complex and rigorous process, often unknown to the general public. The question arises: how do architectural visions take shape in the real world?
From the preliminary sketch to site management, each phase is crucial to ensuring that the final project is not just an aesthetic response, but also a sustainable, functional solution tailored to the specific needs of each customer.
Wondering how to turn your architectural vision into reality without getting tangled up in the complexities of the construction process?
In this article, I'll take you through the essential steps involved in the realization of an architectural project, providing a detailed overview of the services associated with each phase. Whether you're a future homeowner, a building professional or simply an architecture enthusiast, this exploration will equip you with a better understanding of the journey required to transform a vision into a tangible reality.
The main phases of an architectural project
The realization of an architectural project involves several crucial stages, each accompanied by specific services to ensure the project's success. It is divided into 3 main phases: the preliminary phase, the execution phase and the construction phase.
The preliminary stage
The preliminary stage of an architectural project is fundamental, laying the foundations for what follows. It begins with preliminary studies, where a feasibility analysis examines regulations to determine constraints and possibilities, and ends with the receipt of building permits. This initial phase is essential to steer the project towards success, aligning architectural vision and practical requirements from the outset.
Here are the different steps:
Preliminary studies
Feasibility analysis: Review of regulations (Quebec Building Code, municipal bylaws) to assess project constraints and opportunities.
Measurements and existing plans: On-site measurements and creation of digital plans of existing structures.
Project definition: Meetings to establish objectives, space requirements, inspirations, budget and schedule.
Designs
Initial design: Creation of architectural sketches aligned with needs and budget.
Energy modeling: Preliminary assessment to optimize the design in terms of energy.
Concept refinement: Presentation and discussion of sketches to select final layout.
Preliminary drawings
Aesthetic choices: Selection of cladding materials and façade design.
Engineers: Meetings with structural and mechanical engineers (and others as needed) to establish a constructive strategy.
Revisions : Adjustments to plans based on client feedback.
Is now the right time to start talking to contractors?
Although in the classic path, tendering for contractors is usually done once the construction documents have been completed, the advantage of meeting with contractors upstream in smaller projects is obvious.
Firstly, they can give clients an initial idea of the budget, and modifications can be made to preliminary plans before the project is too advanced;
Secondly, they can participate in the choice of materials, installation and assembly methods in line with their specific expertise. Their comments can guide the architect and clients in the choices they make during the execution stages.
Documents for Permits
Permit application: Compilation of documents required to obtain renovation or construction permits.
CCU presentation documents (if required): Preparation and modification of documents according to the directives of the urban planning advisory committee.
Once the file has been submitted to the municipal authorities, there is often a waiting period that can vary from a few weeks to a few months. It's important to factor this delay into your planning schedule.
Execution stage
The execution phase is the most important and often the most extensive, marking the transition from plans and concepts to a tangible structure. This is the time when technical details are refined, materials definitively chosen, and coordination with engineers is intensified to ensure energy and structural optimization. The ultimate aim of this phase is to make the project buildable, while reflecting the initial vision of the client and architect.
At the end of this phase, the client will have the following documents to hand over to his contractor:
Construction drawings: site plan, floor plans, elevations (façade drawings), floor finish plans and ceiling plans, general building sections, detailed wall sections, specific installation details and, product and equipment tables.
Construction specifications: document listing all materials chosen and to be used for the project, as well as their installation methods.
Additional services
Interior and furniture design
Customized design: Discussions of interior design preferences and preparation of built in furniture plans.
Selection of finishes: Choice of materials, appliances and aesthetic details for the interior.
Electrical and lighting plans
Technical specifications: Definition of the location of electrical and lighting elements and integration into the plans.
For a small-scale project, do you really need construction drawings?Ask yourself a different question: Are you familiar with construction methods, and will you be on site at all times to guide the contractor?
Construction drawings and specifications are the contractor's main tools on the job site. They contain all the information about the positioning of components, their assembly and their composition. Without detailed construction plans, the contractor is left to his own devices, and the result may not be exactly what you had in mind!
Tendering phase
In a standard project, the tendering phase (or request for bids) and the meeting with contractors takes place once the construction documents have been completed. In this way, it's possible to get accurate prices, and it's also possible to compare them, since the construction documents are complete and all contractors are bidding on the same specific job.
Construction phase
The construction phase is essential for the materialization of the architectural project, and focuses on ensuring that the work carried out on site complies with the plans and specifications previously drawn up. It includes regular checks through site visits, the drafting of notes summarizing observations, and the verification of shop drawings. This phase also enables any necessary change orders to be issued, in response to conditions encountered on site. During this phase, the architect is in constant communication with the contractor to ensure that the work proceeds smoothly.
In addition, the construction phase involves the analysis and negotiation of prices for changes made, ensuring that costs remain reasonable. The phase concludes with the issuing of a certificate of completion and the follow-up of any non-conformities, guaranteeing the quality and conformity of the finished project.
From vision to reality: One step at a time
In conclusion, the execution of an architectural project is a complex and detailed journey, requiring meticulous planning and close collaboration between all those involved. From the preliminary to the construction phase, each stage plays a crucial role in turning the architectural vision into a tangible structure that meets not only the needs and desires of the client, but also regulatory requirements and sustainability principles.
Early involvement of contractors, rigorous selection of materials, and meticulous monitoring during construction ensure that the project not only meets, but exceeds expectations. Ultimately, this process reflects the synergy between creativity, innovation and pragmatism, ensuring the realization of spaces that enrich lives and enhance environments.
Questions about your architectural project? Contact me today for personalized answers and let's start sketching out your future. Your next step towards creating a unique architectural space begins with an initial discussion with a professional, ready to guide you every step of the way towards making your project a reality.
Inspired by the creative process? Explore my past projects to discover how ideas can be transformed into unique spaces.
About the author:
Kim Cloutier is an experienced architect with a career marked by projects focused on simplicity and sustainability. She is a certified Passive House Designer and LEED Green Associate, demonstrating her commitment to high standards of energy performance and environmental sustainability. Kim aspires to promote healthier living through her projects, with a focus on creating healthy, sustainable environments.